Hatfield, PhD. Cognitive disorders, or as the DSM-5 now refers to them, neurocognitive disorders, are conditions that have the effect of drastically altering or changing a person's thinking processes. Most neurocognitive disorders involve a significant change in a person's ability to learn and remember information. They also disrupt other thinking processes such as:.
There are many conditions that can result in a person developing a neurocognitive disorder. Some of these conditions can be reversed and others cannot be reversed currently. However, researchers hope that in the future treatments may reverse the effects of some of these conditions to some extent. Dementia is a term that refers to a gradual or sudden loss of a person's cognitive abilities. This can be due to some medical condition or even a psychological problem.
Some of these conditions can be reversed fully or partially. Therefore, any changes that happened in the person's thinking processes may also be reversed, at least partially, with treatment.
These changes make it difficult for people who have dementia to perform basic daily activities. Dementia is classified into two groups, reversible pseudo-dementia and irreversible non pseudo-dementia. Irreversible dementia causes changes in behavior and personality. Source: Alz. It will become severe enough to interrupt the activities of daily living and those who have it will not be able to carry out the simplest of tasks. Estimates vary, but experts suggest that as many as 5.
Source: National Institute for Aging. Vascular dementia is the second most common form of dementia. Depression is a disorder of mood involving a disturbance of emotions or feelings. The diagnosis of depression depends on the presence of two cardinal symptoms: 1 persistent and pervasive low mood, and 2 loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. Depressive symptoms are clinically significant when they interfere with normal activities and persist for at least two weeks, in which case a diagnosis of a depressive illness or disorder may be made Diamond, In the long-term care population, depression is both common and under-treated Jordan et al.
The majority of people with dementia currently do not receive a formal diagnosis. Early diagnosis of dementia is crucial since some treatments are more effective in the early stages, and earlier diagnosis and timely intervention provide health, financial, and social benefits Ciblis et al.
If you are attending a virtual event or viewing video content, you must meet the minimum participation requirement to proceed. If you think this message was received in error, please contact an administrator. Return to Course Home. How Dementia Affects Cognition Dementia is a syndrome, a collection or grouping of symptoms that can affect, damage, or destroy cells in the brain. Potentially Treatable Conditions There are many conditions that can affect cognition, causing dementia-like symptoms; some of these conditions are reversible with appropriate treatment NINDS, : Reactions to medications or interactions between medications Metabolic and endocrine abnormalities Nutritional deficiencies Infections Constipation Head injuries and subdural hematomas Poisoning from exposure to lead, heavy metals, or other poisonous substances Alcohol, prescription medications, and recreational drugs Brain tumors, space-occupying lesions, and hydrocephalus Hypoxia or anoxia not enough oxygen Autoimmune cognitive syndromes Epilepsy Sleep apnea NINDS, Delirium and depression can also affect cognition, are particularly prevalent, and often overlooked or misunderstood in older adults.
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