Hemangiomas grow quickly during the first 6 months or so of life, then usually shrink and disappear by the time a child is 5 to 10 years old.
Some, particularly larger ones, may leave abnormal skin as this happens. Surgery can fix this. Others may leave red pigmented skin, which can be helped with special laser treatment.
Although they can be anywhere on the body, most hemangiomas are on the head or neck. They can cause problems if they interfere with sight, feeding, breathing, or other body functions. Port-wine stains. These discolorations look like wine was spilled on an area of the body, most often on the face, neck, arms, or legs.
Port-wine stains can be any size, but grow only as the child grows. They tend to darken over time, and can thicken and feel like pebbles in middle adulthood unless treated. They never go away on their own. Doctors will watch ones near the eye to make sure they don't cause problems. When port-wine stains involve certain parts of the face, other tests such as an MRI might be needed. These very common spots are the color of coffee with milk, which explains the name.
They can be anywhere on the body and sometimes increase in number as a child gets older. One alone is not a problem.
But call your doctor if your child has 6 or more spots that are larger than a pencil eraser for a younger child , or larger than a dime for an older child. Mongolian spots. These flat, bluish-gray patches are often found on the lower back or buttocks.
They usually fade — often completely — by school age without treatment. Moles congenital nevi, hairy nevus. Mole is a general term for brown spots called nevi NEE-vye. Most people get moles at some point in life. A mole that's there at birth is called a congenital nevus NEE-viss and will last a lifetime. Although the risk is still low, large or giant congenital nevi are more likely to develop into skin cancer melanoma later in life.
Smaller congenital nevi may have a slight increase in risk. Moles can be tan, brown, or black; flat or raised; and may have hair growing out of them. Macular stains usually fade away on their own. Any mark that is present on the skin at birth, or that develops soon afterwards, is called a birthmark.
They are common and many children have a mark of some sort. Most are harmless and some go away as the child grows. Occasionally, a birthmark may be a sign of other problems or diseases. Check with your doctor if you are not sure, especially if the mark changes unexpectedly. Causes of birthmarks In most cases, the cause of a birthmark is unknown. They are not caused by mothers doing something wrong during pregnancy. They happen by chance.
The occurrence of birthmarks may be inherited. Some marks may be similar to marks on other family members, but most are not. Red birthmarks are caused by an overgrowth of blood vessels. Blue or brown birthmarks are caused by pigment cells melanocytes. The typical characteristics include: They are pink, flat and irregular-shaped marks. The skin is not thickened and you cannot feel any difference when you touch the mark. They are usually on the nape of the neck, eyelids, forehead and sometimes the sides of the nose and on the top lip.
The marks usually disappear by 12 months of age, if not earlier. The mark at the back of the neck may stay for longer, but it is usually covered by hair and out of sight. Occasionally, marks on the forehead, side of the nose and upper lip may persist longer.
Mongolian spots The typical characteristics of Mongolian spots include: They are bluish, irregular flat patches. They are mainly found on the back and bottom, although any area can be affected. There is no thickening or change to the feel of the skin. They are more common in babies from Asian and African ethnic groups who have darker skin colouring. They are harmless and become less obvious as the child grows.
They can be confused with bruises. The typical characteristics include: They are red, raised and lumpy areas. They usually appear at around one to four weeks of age, then get bigger — sometimes quite quickly — for a few months. They stop growing between six and 12 months of age, then gradually disappear over the next few years. The skin of the birthmark is as strong as any other skin. It might rarely bleed if knocked hard or scratched, or develop an ulcer on the surface and need to be treated.
They tend to grow rapidly for the first year and then slowly shrink over time without treatment. Most hemangiomas leave little trace by years of age. For this reason, surgery to remove a large hemangioma is rarely the best course of action. Some hemangiomas can cause problems if they bleed or press on important nearby structures, such as the eye or the upper airway.
In these high-risk situations, medications are prescribed to help rapidly decrease the size of the hemangioma. These medications, however, have risks and side effects of their own, so treatment is reserved for hemangiomas that are truly high-risk. Babies with multiple hemangiomas of the skin may also have internal hemangiomas, in the belly, for example. Large hemangiomas on the face or middle of the back may be related to other problems, such as heart defects or spinal abnormalities.
Port wine stains are flat, pink or red patches of skin caused by abnormal capillaries the tiniest blood vessels within the skin. Three in every 1, babies are born with a port wine stain. Unlike hemangiomas, port wine stains grow slowly with the child and do not go away over time. Laser therapy can be helpful to lighten the color of port wine stains and prevent them from thickening. Babies with large port wine stains of the face may be at increased risk for eye problems, seizures and developmental delay Sturge-Weber syndrome.
They range in color from light brown to black and come in all shapes and sizes. Over time, CMN may darken, thicken or grow hair. While the risk is higher in larger CMN, any mole can change into a serious type of skin cancer called melanoma. Small moles may require surgical removal if there is concern for melanoma.
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