Native weapons changed dramatically as well, creating an arms race among the peoples living in European colonization zones. Indians refashioned European brassware into arrow points and turned axes used for chopping wood into weapons. The most prized piece of European weaponry to obtain was a musket , or light, long-barreled European gun.
In order to trade with Europeans for these, native peoples intensified their harvesting of beaver, commercializing their traditional practice.
The influx of European materials made warfare more lethal and changed traditional patterns of authority among tribes. Formerly weaker groups, if they had access to European metal and weapons, suddenly gained the upper hand against once-dominant groups. The Algonquian, for instance, traded with the French for muskets and gained power against their enemies, the Iroquois. Eventually, native peoples also used their new weapons against the European colonizers who had provided them.
The European presence in America spurred countless changes in the environment, setting into motion chains of events that affected native animals as well as people. Soon, beavers were extinct in New England, New York, and other areas.
With their loss came the loss of beaver ponds, which had served as habitats for fish as well as water sources for deer, moose, and other animals. Furthermore, Europeans introduced pigs, which they allowed to forage in forests and other wildlands. Pigs consumed the foods on which deer and other indigenous species depended, resulting in scarcity of the game native peoples had traditionally hunted. Native peoples did not believe in private ownership of land; instead, they viewed land as a resource to be held in common for the benefit of the group.
The European idea of usufruct—the right to common land use and enjoyment—comes close to the native understanding, but colonists did not practice usufruct widely in America. Colonizers established fields, fences, and other means of demarcating private property.
Native peoples who moved seasonally to take advantage of natural resources now found areas off limits, claimed by colonizers because of their insistence on private-property rights. Microbes to which native inhabitants had no immunity led to death everywhere Europeans settled.
Along the New England coast between and , epidemics claimed the lives of 75 percent of the native people. In the s, half the Huron and Iroquois around the Great Lakes died of smallpox. As is often the case with disease, the very young and the very old were the most vulnerable and had the highest mortality rates. The loss of the older generation meant the loss of knowledge and tradition, while the death of children only compounded the trauma, creating devastating implications for future generations.
Some native peoples perceived disease as a weapon used by hostile spiritual forces, and they went to war to exorcise the disease from their midst. English naturalist Sir Hans Sloane traveled to Jamaica and other Caribbean islands to catalog the flora of the new world. The large European market for American tobacco strongly influenced the development of some of the American colonies.
European expansion in the Americas led to an unprecedented movement of plants across the Atlantic. A prime example is tobacco, which became a valuable export as the habit of smoking, previously unknown in Europe, took hold. Another example is sugar. Columbus brought sugarcane to the Caribbean on his second voyage in , and thereafter a wide variety of other herbs, flowers, seeds, and roots made the transatlantic voyage.
Just as pharmaceutical companies today scour the natural world for new drugs, Europeans traveled to America to discover new medicines. The task of cataloging the new plants found there helped give birth to the science of botany. Early botanists included the English naturalist Sir Hans Sloane, who traveled to Jamaica in and there recorded hundreds of new plants. Sloane also helped popularize the drinking of chocolate, made from the cacao bean, in England.
Indians, who possessed a vast understanding of local New World plants and their properties, would have been a rich source of information for those European botanists seeking to find and catalog potentially useful plants. Enslaved Africans, who had a tradition of the use of medicinal plants in their native land, adapted to their new surroundings by learning the use of New World plants through experimentation or from the native inhabitants. Native peoples and Africans employed their knowledge effectively within their own communities.
One notable example was the use of the peacock flower to induce abortions: Indian and enslaved African women living in oppressive colonial regimes are said to have used this herb to prevent the birth of children into slavery. Animals This frog mysteriously re-evolved a full set of teeth.
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Science The controversial sale of 'Big John,' the world's largest Triceratops. Science Coronavirus Coverage How antivirals may change the course of the pandemic. Travel A road trip in Burgundy reveals far more than fine wine. Travel My Hometown In L. Subscriber Exclusive Content. What was the most important motive for european imperialism in Africa?
The motives for imperialism in Africa was political competition, moral duty, and most importantly economic motives. A motive for european imperialism in Africa was political competition. All together there was 7 countries that colonized Africa.
The Age of Exploration not only brought land and resources for the Europeans, but also a cruel African slave trade and the destruction of Native American civilization and religions. During this time, a quest for the spread of religion, riches, and fame for many countries was present, and so, they sent voyages towards the new land to set up colonies and further expand their borders.
When exploring these lands, the colonists did not take the native people into account when planting the seeds of a new colony, and usually took advantage of their simplistic and unknowing nature. They took their culture, religion, and resources away from them. The exploration and conquest of the New World brought a society that thrived on the hard work of slaves to develop the economies of other countries.
Unlike what many people think, these were in fact purchases and were in fact from other africans who captured these people not because of their ethnicity, obviously, but because they were the enemy. The thought that blacks were inferior came mostly because of the difference in their religion and culture which is the basis of every occurrence of slavery as well as being servants to rich white landowning men. This later on lead to the thought that black skin was inferior.
In the New World of freshly established British colonies in America, European settlers felt they could justify enslaving Africans because of their dark skin and different culture. The ignorant colonists told themselves it was acceptable to treat Africans as animals of a different species and to dismiss their sense of humanity by putting themselves above the Africans in their minds and in the social hierarchy of colonial America.
From to when the American colonies were in need of a larger labor force, it was easier for the colonists to enslave Africans because they viewed the darker-skinned race as being inferior and uncivilized. Europeans ignorantly turned their heads away from the similarities between African and colonial societies. Culture, an assortment of human activities and principles, leads a group of people with common beliefs and values; but after it was taken away by the Europeans, all they felt was lost and with no identity.
Unfortunately, a lot of Africans experienced a trend of a dying out culture. The Atlantic slave trade was what greatly enabled the flow of European culture and values to the. Show More. Read More. African Imperialism In Africa Words 5 Pages The end of slavery brought the Europeans interests in imperialism and conquering colonies.
Advantages And Disadvantages Of European Imperialism In Africa Words 6 Pages The European Imperialism in Africa and Asia Imperialism started in the late eighteenth century and continued to the early s when Europeans took over different countries to obtain economic, political and social power. Summary Of Braford E.
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